Maybe pontificate?

Waffle is something different, has to do with being indecisive.

https://www.lexico.com/definition/waffle

British Speak or write at length in a vague or trivial manner.

re 4: yes, I looked that up and was just about to acknowledge that BE usage:

to speak or write, especially at great length, without saying anything important or useful.

"he waffled on about everything that didn't matter"

I didn't know about that one. However, it seems to lack the element of self-righteousness or sanctimony.

seems to lack the element of self-righteousness or sanctimony.

Guter Punkt, bishop_j!

Dass 'salbadernd' im Wörterbuch ist, habe ich nicht gesehen. Danke, Möwe.

'to preach' geht bestimmt in die richtige Richtung.

Siehe Wörterbuch: prate

schwafeln, dumm daherreden, labern, plappern, schwätzen,

steht da.

(Alle nicht unbedingt genau synonym, natürlich.)

Salbadern is a new word to me, so I don't want to sound overly certain, but it seems to have a derogatory element that preach doesn't always have.

No. 5: "However, it seems to lack the element of self-righteousness or sanctimony." Das ist kein notwendiger Bestandteil des Salbaderns.

No. 8: Ebenso schwedisch prata.

Das ist kein notwendiger Bestandteil des Salbaderns.

Ah, ok -- as I say, I don't want to sound like I know about this. But the OP made it sound like it might include that connotation, e.g. with frömmelnd and the example sentence.

NB. "Die Herkunft ist unbekannt. Alle Deutungsversuche bleiben unglaubhaft" (DWDS).

re 7/8/10/11 etc.: another related English word is prattle.

preachify v.

colloquial (frequently depreciative).

intransitive. To preach, esp. in a self-righteous or tedious way.

1776  S. J. Pratt Liberal Opinions III. liv. 69  He wrote obstinately on,..preachifying, till he piously picked my pocket of above a hundred and fifty guineas.

1800  E. Hamilton Mem. Mod. Philosophers II. iv. 45  From the manner in which she preachified, I should suppose her to be a Methodist.

1869  D. M. Mulock Woman's Kingdom II. 137  I am going to preachify in earnest; and..it is about a very serious thing.

1903  Ottumwa (Iowa) Daily Courier 2 Apr. 5/4  The Fays are content to simply set people thinking, without any desire to preachify or exploit any special doctrine or theory.

1964  J. Rhys Lett. (1984) 271  I have a great and deep admiration for the Brontë sisters (though Charlotte did preachify sometimes).

2001  Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 15 Jan. 4 e  Rhyant has become a fund-raiser as well as a minister, but he's a preacher who doesn't preachify.

[OED]

Ich bin mir nicht sicher, ob das wirklich passen könnte, aber hier https://en.pons.com/translate/german-english/... wird noch to gab angeboten ...