#1/21938 * March 12 --- German troops enter Austria.
* September 29 --- Conclusion of the Munich Conference; Sudetenland ceded to Germany.
* November 9 ---
Crystal Night (pogrom against German Jews).
1939 * March 15 --- German troops invade and occupy remainder of Czechoslovakia.
http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~orosz/Holocaust...American historian and writer Peter Gay — who as a young boy watched in horror as the Nazis rounded up Jews, ransacked Jewish homes and shops and burned down synagogues on that fateful November evening in 1938 known as
Crystal Night — will deliver the 2007 Klutznick Lecture in Jewish Civilization April 17.
http://www.northwestern.edu/observer/issues/2...NBC Evening News for Thursday, Nov 09, 1978
Headline: West Germany / Crystal Night Anniversary
Abstract: (Studio) Remembrances in West Germany of
Crystal Night, night when Nazi anti-Semitism began its full violence, noted.
REPORTER: David Brinkley
(Berlin, West Germany) Film of Berlin, November 1938, shown. Details about
Crystal Night, November 9, 1938, given. West Berlin's Jewish community center noted to stand on site of burned synagogue. Commemorations of
Crystal Night in Berlin described.
REPORTER: Fred Briggs
http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/1978-11/...Today - another anniversary of socalled
Crystal Night - a euphemistic label for the beginning of the Holocaust. Thousands of German Jews were sent to concentration camps, thousands of shops and synagogues pillaged and German Jews made to pay for the damage done to them.
"
Crystal night" demarcates the day the systematic delegitimation and annihilation of Jews in Germany and eventually most of Europe ...
http://listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A...July was, however, too late because hundreds of people had registered before him. He was forced to stay in Austria until the
Crystal Night, November 1938.
On
Crystal Night the Nazis burnt many synagogues, destroyed stores and individual homes, and arrested thousands of Jewish men. ...
The morning after
Crystal Night, Egon returned home to find that his father and younger brother were safe. His father had hidden in the refrigerator of his delicatessen and his brother hid in a neighbor's attic. ...
http://toto.lib.unca.edu/projects/Shoa/friedl...November 10, 1938 is when it all began for Stella. She was sent home early from school only to find out that her father was in hiding because Jewish males were being rounded up (67).
Crystal Night was the turning point for the Goldschlags in realizing that there was no escaping Hitler, and they later came to terms with WWII as well
http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/c......he and his father went out on the
Crystal Night and attacked a passerby whom they thought was Jewish...
http://holocaust.umd.umich.edu/interview.php?...Like the definition, the origin of the term “Kristallnacht” is also under debate. At midnight on November 10, the Nazis announced the occurrence of an Aktion or Judenaktion, which gave Kristallnacht its first name. The actual term Kristallnacht, or
Crystal Night in English, did not come into popular usage until 1946.[4] Although this term for the event is commonly used in our modern time, many have a problem with the title because they believe that Nazis invented the name to mock Jews on the night of the event. (...) Walter Pehle argues that if Kristallnacht was a popular coining, then it reflects anything but a sense of sympathy on the part of the population. He writes “the term ‘
Crystal Night’ sparkles, glistens, and gleams, as if it were a festive occasion.”[7]
[7] Walter Pehle, ed., November, 1938: From Kristallnacht to Genocide (New York: Berg, 1991), 117.http://www.history.ucsb.edu/projects/holocaus...The beginning of this horrible experience began on
Crystal Night which was November 9, 1938. On that night, a Nazi-organized destruction of Jewish homes and businesses commenced with the breaking of thousands of windows, burning, and looting.
http://lingcog.iit.edu/~scubed/dachau.xmlUniversity of California at San Diego
WHY HITLER? HOW AUSCHWITZ?
HIEU 158
580544
Winter 2007
Class meets Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays 11—11:50 in Center 105.
Office hours: Mondays and Wednesdays 1:30—2:30
Professor Deborah Hertz
(...) January 22
Domestic Support for the Nazi Regime and
Crystal NightRead: Burleigh, Chapter Seven; Kaplan, Chapter Five
http://historyweb.ucsd.edu/pages/undergraduat...University of Pittsburgh UNIVERSITY TIMES
Volume 40, Number 8, December 6, 2007
CALENDAR (...)
Monday 10 (...)
German/Jewish Studies Lecture
“Remembering
Crystal Night, Nov. 9, 1938,” Walter Jacob; 204 FFA, 4 pm (4-5909)
http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-DB=ustory...Most thoughtful is Stephen Haynes' analysis of Dietrich Bonhoeffer's attitude towards Judaism. He argues that the Nazis' maltreatment of the Jews, particularly the
Crystal Night pogrom, and the absence of any collective church protest, was one of the main influences for Bonhoeffer's decision to join the covert political resistance.
http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/akz/akz2312.htmAN61. Anker, Dorothy b. 1913
Interview and memoir
4 tapes, 360 min., 96 pp.
Anker, retired owner of a Springfield photo studio, recalls her life in Germany prior to WWII, conditions for Jewish people in the 30's, memories of
Crystal Night, and the effects of Nazi government policies on her family and their business.
http://www.uis.edu/archives/orala.htmMendelsohn, John, ed. The Holocaust: Selected Documents (New York: Garland Pub., 1982). 18 v.
1. Legalizing the Holocaust : the early phase, 1933-1939 -- 2. Legalizing the Holocaust : the later phase, 1939-1943 -- 3. The
Crystal Night Pogrom -- 4. Propaganda and aryanization, 1938-1944 -- ...
http://library.osu.edu/sites/jdc/holocaust.htmlhttp://library.law.pace.edu/research/holocaus...God at Work
Rev. Dr. David W. Miller (...)
What happened on 9/11/38 that compelled Dietrich Bonhoeffer to link the events of that day with the events of the destruction of the Temple in Psalm 74? Germany’s “9/11” is known as Kristallnacht or “
Crystal Night,” so named because of the looting and shattering of thousands of glass windows in Jewish storefronts, synagogues, and homes throughout Germany.
http://www.yale.edu/ism/marquand/marqsermonpd...The shattered panes of beveled glass that littered sidewalks, most of it coming from the shop windows of Jewish stores, gave the pogrom its name: Kristallnacht or
Crystal Night. In the days that followed, 25 to 30,000 Jewish men (almost 10% of what remained of the German Jewish community) were sent to Germany's concentration camps.
http://www.keene.edu/newsevents/default.cfm?T...Thalmann, Rita and Emmanuel Feinermann.
Crystal Night: 9-10 November 1938.
New York: Holocaust Library, 1974.
Recreates the night of November 9-10, 1938, when the Nazi-sanctioned riot was unleashed against the Jews.
http://www.chgs.umn.edu/educational/brokenThr...After
Crystal Night in November 1938 Rabbi Jacob, like most German Jews, was arrested and imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp. On his release the family fled to England and later settled in Springfield MO where he served as rabbi for both the traditional and the liberal congregations. (...) The Augsburg Temple, where Ernst Jacob officiated as rabbi, was one of the few synagogue buildings in Germany that survived the Nazi period and that is still in use today. It was not torched on
Crystal Night because it was located across the street from the city power plant.
http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/bloom/pdfs/low... * Over 100 Jews were killed and 20,000 arrested in the Night of Broken Glass or
Crystal Night (Kristallnacht).
* Jews were ordered to pay one billion Reichsmarks to clear up the damage.
http://iws.ccccd.edu/sbostelmann/History%2013...And then my mother...sent me out into the streets of Berlin on the night of
Crystal Night, the pogrom ongoing then, to buy, believe it or not, pork chops, because after all the guests could not go without a proper dinner.
http://www.gratz.edu/page3218.aspxHolocaust Bas-Reliefs .
Crystal Night.http://fcit.usf.edu/HOLOCAUST/photos/venez1/v...Living witnesses of
Crystal Night, "the night of breaking glass," recall the violence and destruction which destroyed hundreds of German and Austrian synagogues, and vandalized thousands of Jewish businesses.
http://laguardia.edu/maus/files/HolocaustMedia.docfirst stages of Jewish policy (1933-1937)= concentrate on definition, isolation, removal from public life, special taxes, etc., to pressure toward emigration
In 1938, anti-Jewish policy turns to open violence—
Crystal Night, ghettos, concentration and work camps [during the war, the Nazis would also construct mass death camps]
http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/mhickey/lecture%20...AUTHOR Asher, Julie
TITLE
Crystal Night horror recalled
IMPRINT Catholic Telegraph, Nov. 11, 1988
http://www.wright.edu/~moorhead.8/holocaustwe...A series of six guest lectures and visits by resident scholars will be held in conjunction with the anniversary of
Crystal Night to commemorate the destruction of European Jewish life in the late 1930s and early 1940s and to commemorate Yom H'shoah (The Day of Remembrance).
http://www.canisius.edu/oishei/jones_rosenblo...And I counter that those were precisely the words on the lips of the man who turned the crank on the Gattling Gun at Wounded Knee, and on the good Germans who marched into Poland or turned on their neighbors during the
crystal night.
http://newhouse-web.syr.edu/elin/personalstuf...The plan was proposed after a series of 1938 events spurred the victimization of helpless Jews: the annexation of Austria to the Reich in March, the fruitless Evian Conference on Jewish Refugees in July,
Crystal Night in November, and the attempt on the life of Secretary of the Legation von Rath in Paris, which resulted in massive persecution of German Jews, unleashing furies raged without bounds and restraint all over Germany and Austria.
http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adl...The outcome of these trials led to the statement that guilt should be determined on the basis of whether or not the person had the opportunity to make a moral choice, not whether or not a superior had given an order. For many Nuremberg brought to light, for the first time, the "Night and Fog decree", "
Crystal Night", "the final solution" and other horrific Nazi atrocities.
http://www.lib.uconn.edu/online/research/spec...On the night of November 9, 1938,
Kristallnacht or
Crystal Night began. This was a series of attacks on synagogues and stores. The pretext for the attacks had happened a couple of days earlier when a Polish Jew, Herschel Grynszpan, had assassinated the Third Secretary of the German Embassy in Paris, Ernst von Rath.
http://www.education.gsw.edu/portfolio/second...Author: Thalmann, Rita, 1926-
Uniform Title: Nuit de cristal. English
Title:
Crystal night, 9-10 November 1938 [by] Rita
Thalmann and Emmanuel Feinermann. [Translated by Gilles
Cremonesi]
Published: London, Thames and Hudson [1974]
Description: 192 p. 23 cm.
http://www.loc.gov/cgi-bin/zgate?present+6127...Title:
Crystal Night / produced by the Centre for the
Heritage of Jewish Heroism with the participation of the
International Quiz on Jewish Heroism, the World Federation of Jewish Fighters, Partisans & Camps Inmates ; director, Yossi
Goddard ; producer, Esther Soffer.
Published: United States : Embassy of Israel, [1988?]
http://www.loc.gov/cgi-bin/zgate?present+6127...Author: Jacobs, Steve.
Uniform Title: Diary of an exile
Title:
Crystal night / Steve
Jacobs.
Published: Craighall : Ad. Donker, 1986.
ISBN: 086852123X
http://www.loc.gov/cgi-bin/zgate?present+6127...Finally, phase three (1935-1939) was characterized by rapid, bloodless diplomatic and military strokes to win applause at home while liquidating opposition elements in the military and churches.
Crystal Night, 1938
In 1938, a Polish Jew assassinated a German diplomat in Paris. In response,...
http://www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/dmeier/Holoca...63. A-68-1 An Interview with Mark Lane / B-68-3 The
Crystal Night in Germany
http://www.lib.umich.edu/spec-coll/labadie/ca...November 9th - The "
Crystal Night", when Jewish houses, synagogues, and schools in Germany are burnt down and shops looted; attacks continue until the 14th.
http://www.comm.unt.edu/histofperf/nonwest/do...1938 March - Annexation of Austria (Anschluss)
Sept - Munich Conferences followed by German invasion of Czechoslovakia
Nov - Mass pogroms: "
Crystal Night" (Kristallnacht) against Jews
1939 March - German invasion of remaining portions of Czechoslovakia
http://faculty.unlv.edu/pwerth/Info-106-13.pdf 
